Analytical Methods for Fuel Oxygenates
نویسنده
چکیده
A Concise Background on Fuel Oxygenates Fuel oxygenates are oxygencontaining compounds (e.g., ethers and alcohols) that are added to gasoline either to boost the octane rating, to make the fuel burn cleaner by increasing the oxygen content, or to achieve a combination of both. The most commonly used oxygenates are methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethanol. Other oxygenates include tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME), ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), tertiary-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA), tertiary-amyl alcohol (TAA), and methanol. Some oxygenates have a long history of usage in gasoline. For example, ethanol has been used in automotive fuel blends since the 1930s. Ethers, and primarily MTBE, have been used increasingly since the late 1970s. Initially, MTBE was used to boost the octane rating of midand high-grade gasoline and was present at concentrations of about 4 to 8 percent by volume. These fuels were transported, stored, and used nationwide. Amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1990 led to the implementation of the Oxygenated Fuel (Oxyfuel) and Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) programs in 1992 and 1995, respectively. While these programs stipulated a minimum oxygen content for gasoline sold in specific metropolitan areas to reduce air pollution, the choice of which oxygenate to use was
منابع مشابه
Alcohols and Other Oxygenates as Motor Fuels
Alcohols and other low molecular weight oxygenates are known to be potentially valuable gasoline substitutes. While these are generally of interest in relation to the long-term need to secure future motor fuel supplies, there is a more urgent need for substitutes which will improve the octane rating of unleaded fuels. For environmental reasons, oxygenates including alcohols may be preferred to ...
متن کاملChemical kinetic modeling study of the effects of oxygenated hydrocarbons on soot emissions from diesel engines.
A detailed chemical kinetic modeling approach is used to examine the phenomenon of suppression of sooting in diesel engines by the addition of oxygenated hydrocarbon species to the fuel. This suppression, which has been observed experimentally for a few years, is explained kinetically as a reduction in concentrations of soot precursors present in the hot products of a fuel-rich diesel ignition ...
متن کاملCompound Specific Isotope Analysis: The Science, Technology and Selected Examples from the Literature with Application to Fuel Oxygenates and Chlorinated Solvents
متن کامل
Optimization and Modeling of Complete Removal of N-Compounds from Oil Cut Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by CuAlO2/ZSM-12&35 as a New Photocatalyst
In this study, immobilized CuAlO2 onto the ZSM-12&35 composite was prepared and used as a photocatalyst to remove N-containing oil pollutants (Carbazole) through advanced oxidation. In this method, acetone is used as a reaction solvent that can be partially converted to fuel oxygenates compounds (Octane enhancers) through an aldol condensation reaction. Photocatalyst characterization was perfor...
متن کامل